Every day, waste collectors play a vital role in protecting global health and the environment. As the amount of waste continues to increase worldwide, so does the demand for those who collect and sort the waste. Waste collectors are exposed to airborne biological particles such as bacteria and fungi that can cause health problems, especially when working with certain types of waste, in a warmer climate, or without proper hygiene practices. While waste collection is essential to a well-functioning and sustainable society, the health and safety of these waste collectors is often overlooked. This research focuses on understanding how their tasks, exposure levels, and hygiene habits may affect their health and what can be done to improve their working conditions. To better understand health risks for waste collectors, we analyzed data from 43 Danish waste collectors who completed a detailed questionnaire. This included work tasks, the types of waste they collect, hygiene habits (such as how often they wash their hands or wear masks), and health symptoms related to respiratory, skin, and gastrointestinal issues experienced recently or in the past year. In addition, exposure to harmful airborne particles such as bacteria, fungi, dust, and endotoxin, was previously measured during full workdays among this group and another group of waste collectors. These exposure levels were categorized into specific waste types (such as biowaste or residual waste) and seasonal differences. By combining this data with each waste collector’s weekly collection tasks and the season, we estimated their average exposure to harmful substances. We then examined relationships between estimated exposure levels, waste types, work tasks, hygiene behaviors, and reported symptoms, while also considering other factors such as age, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking habits, and season. Waste collectors reported health problems, and these seem to be related to the types of waste they collect, the tasks they perform, their hygiene habits, and the type of exposure they come in contact with. Collection of biowaste and residual waste seem to be associated with more symptoms such as nasal problems and skin problems. This is probably because these waste types are more biologically active than others (they support the growth of microorganisms). Truck maintenance, especially if it involves high-pressure cleaning, seemed to be associated with more respiratory, eye, and fatigue symptoms. Cleaning operations might release harmful particles into the air. Eating in the truck appeared to be linked to several symptoms. In contrast, frequent use of hand sanitizer and wearing masks seemed to reduce them. Social factors also play a role: trucks are used for breaks and socializing, so changing hygiene practices must take into account the workplace culture. Estimated exposure to airborne bacteria and endotoxins was associated with symptoms such as colds, fatigue, and sore throats. These insights are globally relevant as the waste industry grows and more people are exposed to similar risks. In many countries, waste collectors are inadequately protected. Improving working conditions, providing training, and designing worker-friendly hygiene policies can help reduce health risks.