The bile ducts are small tubes that transport bile, a fluid produced by the liver, to the small intestine. Cancer can develop in these ducts, known as bile duct cancer (e.g. cholangiocarcinoma) and is characterized by its poor prognosis and high invasiveness. Patients with bile duct cancer are asymptomatic for a long time and thereby often diagnosed at advanced stages, making them ineligible for surgery. Currently, systemic chemotherapy is the standard of care for patients diagnosed with unresectable bile duct cancer, however, the survival outcomes remain low. Consequently, new approaches to the treatment of this aggressive cancer are needed. Hepatic artery infusion pump chemotherapy (HAIP) is promising and has been recently studied in patients with bile duct cancer. The rationale of hepatic artery infusion pump chemotherapy is based on the delivery of high-dose chemotherapy directly into the hepatic artery of the liver. As the hepatic artery circulation preferentially supplies bile duct cancers, the tumor is directly targeted, enabling more effective treatment. The liver then metabolizes most of the chemotherapeutic agents, reducing the amount entering the systemic circulation. As a result, HAIP induces local toxicity to the tumor with minimal systemic side effects. This literature review provides an overview of the evidence on the use of hepatic artery infusion pump chemotherapy in patients diagnosed with bile duct cancer. The findings of this systematic review reveal the landscape of HAIP chemotherapy and highlight its potential to offer a new perspective in the management of bile duct cancer. We hope this review contributes to further research within this field, encouraging the incorporation of these insights into future studies and clinical indications for HAIP treatment. This way, HAIP chemotherapy could be more widely adopted for bile duct cancer and integrated into treatment regimens, potentially improving patient outcomes for those affected by this aggressive cancer.