Applying CRISPR technologies for the treatment of herpesvirus infections

Hanssens Chloë, 2025
Human herpesvirus infection proceeds in two major phases. First, the active phase is characterized by virus production, which can cause symptoms in infected individuals. After the active phase, the virus enters a dormant phase by remaining silently within the infected cells for life. However, certain triggers can reactivate the dormant virus into its active phase. Current antiviral drugs can only treat the herpesvirus infection during the active phase but not the dormant phase, causing the host to carry the virus for the rest of its life with the possibility of a flare-up of symptoms when it reactivates. Given that herpesviruses infect a large percentage of the global population, and some types can cause severe infections or even cancer, antiviral therapies removing the dormant virus from the infected cells as a permanent cure could positively influence overall human life quality and expectancy. The CRISPR systems are tools that can be used to change specific parts of the genome, which acts as a manual containing the code, written as the DNA, of what organisms should look like and how they should function. The genes are the part of the genome containing the code for proteins, which are crucial building blocks in the body. The CRISPR system acts as a targeted scissor: it binds to a specific part of the DNA and makes cuts into the code, which changes the code and influences how and if the protein is produced. This review concludes that there are different approaches to applying CRISPR technology for herpesvirus infection treatment. Like the existing antiviral agents, CRISPR systems can target the virus during its active phase, changing specific genes and consequently inhibiting virus production. In contrast to the current therapy, CRISPR systems can also target the dormant virus by altering specific genes to remove the dormant virus or to inhibit viral reactivation. Additionally, CRISPR can be used to enhance the efficiency of the existing antiviral therapy. CRISPR gene technology is currently a hot topic in the scientific field due to its ability to target and change specific genes in the genome, which could have countless applications. Regardless of the complex nature of CRISPR systems and gene editing technologies in general, it is interesting for anyone to gain information about CRISPR and the current possibilities in its application. The revolutionary ability of CRISPR systems to tackle the dormant herpesviruses offers great potential to apply CRISPR for treating other viral infections, which could play a key role in controlling future viral epidemics or pandemics like SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, CRISPR technology not only holds great potential in the medical field, for example, in treating dormant viral infections or genetic diseases, but also in agriculture, industry, etcetera.

Promotor Jolien Van Cleemput
Opleiding Geneeskunde
Domein Dermatologie
Kernwoorden Infection treatment HHV-7 herpesvirus herpes simplex virus HSV-1 HSV-2 varicella-zoster virus VZV Epstein-Barr virus EBV human cytomegalovirus HCMV human herpesvirus 6 HHV-6A HHV-6B human herpesvirus 7 Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus KSHV CRISPR/Cas CRISPR Cas9 antiviral therapy